



GREEN                                                          O. Abboud
Internet-Draft                                                 A. Hecker
Intended status: Informational                       Huawei Technologies
Expires: 23 April 2026                                   L. M. Contreras
                                                              Telefonica
                                                         20 October 2025


            A YANG Model for SmartPDU Monitoring and Control
                    draft-ahc-green-smartpdu-yang-00

Abstract

   This document defines a YANG data model for Smart Power Distribution
   Units (SmartPDUs).  SmartPDUs extend traditional PDUs by
   incorporating telemetry and remote control functions that enable
   detailed monitoring and management of energy consumption.  Current
   SmartPDU solutions are largely proprietary, exposing heterogeneous
   APIs and data formats that complicate integration and automation.
   The proposed YANG model provides a vendor-neutral framework for
   configuration, monitoring, and control of intelligent power
   distribution systems.

   An initial version of the proposed YANG data model has been developed
   during the GREEN Framework and Use Cases project at the Hackathon
   performed during IETF 123 (July 2025).

Status of This Memo

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on 23 April 2026.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2025 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.



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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Functional Components and YANG module positioning . . . . . .   4
   4.  Design Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   5.  YANG data model for SmartPDUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   6.  Security and operational considerations . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   7.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   Appendix A.  Implementation status  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8

1.  Introduction

   Power Distribution Units (PDUs) are a basic component of both data
   center and network infrastructures, providing power delivery,
   protection, and monitoring capabilities to connected equipment (e.g.,
   routers, servers, etc).  With the evolution towards the notion of
   SmartPDUs, which integrate advanced telemetry and remote control
   functions, operators can achieve finer-grained visibility and
   management of energy consumption across their technical facilities.

   However, current SmartPDU implementations are largely proprietary.
   Different vendors expose distinct APIs and data formats for
   monitoring and control, leading to significant challenges in
   integration and automation.  The lack of a common data framework
   hinders interoperability and makes it difficult to achieve consistent
   energy management across heterogeneous devices.

   Furthermore, without a standardized architecture, real-time
   aggregation of energy usage data across multiple PDUs and vendors is
   cumbersome and often requires custom software adaptation.  This
   fragmentation limits the ability of infrastructure operators to
   automate energy-saving policies, perform coordinated power control,
   and support sustainability objectives.






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   To address these challenges, this document proposes a YANG data model
   for SmartPDUs.  The model intends to provide a vendor-neutral,
   structured framework for configuration, monitoring, and control of
   intelligent power distribution systems.  It aims to enable
   interoperable management of SmartPDUs, support real-time energy
   telemetry collection, and facilitate integration with higher-level
   management and analytics systems.

   The proposed YANG model aligns with ongoing efforts in the IETF to
   promote standardized network and infrastructure management through
   YANG-based interfaces.  It is intended to serve as a foundation for
   consistent, automated, and energy-efficient power management across
   diverse networked environments.

2.  Use Cases

   A number of use cases justify the convenience of defining a YANG data
   model for facilitating the operation of SmartPDUs.  The following are
   some exemplary use cases which can be benefited of the availability
   of an SmartPDU YANG model:

   *  Data centers with a focus on green computing and energy
      efficiency.  Modern data centers aim to minimize power consumption
      and carbon footprint.  A standardized SmartPDU YANG model enables
      consistent configuration and telemetry interfaces for energy-aware
      infrastructure components, supporting sustainable operations and
      regulatory compliance.

   *  Real-time monitoring of energy consumption (EC) across different
      network equipment.  Operators require fine-grained and real-time
      visibility into the energy consumption of servers, switches,
      routers, and other devices.  A common YANG model allows uniform
      data collection and reporting of EC metrics across heterogeneous
      PDUs, facilitating proactive energy management and fault
      detection.

   *  Ability to control and remotely shut down certain PDU ports, even
      across devices from different vendors.  In multi-vendor
      environments, proprietary interfaces hinder remote control and
      automation.  A standardized YANG model provides vendor-independent
      mechanisms to enable, disable, or schedule PDU outlets, improving
      operational efficiency and safety during maintenance or energy-
      saving actions.








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   *  Automatic load balancing or power capping to optimize energy use.
      Dynamic power distribution requires coordination between PDUs and
      higher-level orchestration systems.  A SmartPDU YANG model offers
      standardized configuration and telemetry hooks to support
      automated load balancing, power capping, and policy-based
      optimization.

   *  Integration with higher-level management systems for reporting and
      analytics.  Energy data from PDUs is increasingly valuable for
      analytics and sustainability dashboards.  A consistent YANG
      interface simplifies integration with network management,
      telemetry collectors, and AI-driven analytics platforms, reducing
      integration costs and promoting interoperability.

   *  Tighter integration with software power management techniques.  As
      servers and network elements implement software-based power
      management (e.g., CPU frequency scaling, sleep states),
      coordination with physical power infrastructure becomes critical.
      A SmartPDU YANG model bridges this gap, enabling end-to-end power
      control workflows through standardized APIs.

3.  Functional Components and YANG module positioning

   The proposed YANG data model assumes the existence of adaptors to
   vendor-specific APIs, according to the following scheme.

    +-----------------------------------------------------------+
    |  DCIM / NMS / Orchestrator (RESTCONF Client)              |
    |  - Queries /energy-monitoring via RESTCONF                |
    |  - Aggregates multi-device data                                                   |
    |  - Unified API, device reg, automation, etc...            |                        |
    +---------------------A-------------------------------------+
                          |
                     RESTCONF/YANG <-- proposed SmartPDU YANG module
                          |
    +---------------------V-------------------------------------+
    |  Common RESTCONF Wrapper                                  |
    |  - Exposes standardized YANG model                        |
    |  - Adapts vendor API                                      |
    |  - Vendor Adapter Plugins: Vendor A , Vendor B, etc...    |
    +---------------------A-------------------------------------+
                          |
                    Vendor-native API
                          |
    +---------------------V-------------------------------------+
    |  Smart PDU Hardware (Vendor-specific implementation)      |
    +-----------------------------------------------------------+




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   It is assumed these functional components being part of the framework
   defined in [I-D.belmq-green-framework].

4.  Design Principles

   The definition of the SmartPDU YANG data model follows a set of key
   principles intended to ensure interoperability, extensibility, and
   operational efficiency across heterogeneous environments.  These
   principles guide the model structure, data organization, and
   management interfaces to support a unified approach to energy
   monitoring and control.

   *  Unified and Vendor-Neutral Access Layer.  The model defines a
      unified management layer that enables querying and control of any
      SmartPDU device, regardless of vendor implementation.  This
      abstraction allows consistent access to monitoring and
      configuration data through standardized YANG-based interfaces.

   *  Capability Discovery.  The model provides mechanisms to discover
      device capabilities related to power management and energy-saving
      functions.  This includes identifying supported control features,
      outlet-level granularity, available telemetry, and automation
      support.

   *  Real-Time Energy Consumption Monitoring.  Support is included for
      retrieving real-time energy consumption (EC) data both at the
      device level and for individual outlets.  Such information enables
      operators to perform detailed energy analysis, trend tracking, and
      optimization of power usage.

   *  Outlet-Level Control.  The model supports remote control of
      individual outlets, including the ability to trigger operations
      such as shutdown, power-cycle, or state toggling where supported
      by the underlying device.

   *  RESTCONF-Based Access and Extensibility.  The model is designed to
      operate over RESTCONF, providing a standardized management
      interface.  To accommodate heterogeneous environments, vendor-
      specific extensions can be integrated through adapter plugins,
      enabling multi-vendor interoperability while preserving
      standardized core functions.

   *  Fine-Grained Energy Management.  Through outlet-level telemetry
      and control, the model facilitates fine-grained management of
      energy resources.  This capability supports precise monitoring,
      fault isolation, and localized optimization actions.





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   *  Cross-Vendor Interoperability.  Interoperability across PDUs from
      different vendors is a core objective.  The model defines common
      data structures and operational semantics to ensure consistent
      control and reporting, enabling unified management of mixed-device
      deployments.

   *  Support for Automated Energy Policies.  The model enables
      automation frameworks to implement energy-saving policies such as
      power capping, load balancing, and scheduled shutdowns.

   *  Event Notifications and Alarms.  To support real-time operational
      awareness, the model defines mechanisms for notifications and
      alarms.  These events can be used to signal threshold violations,
      power faults, or changes in device state, facilitating responsive
      and automated management.

5.  YANG data model for SmartPDUs

   The follwoing model is defined for the operation on SmartPDUs.

 module: pdu-common
   +--rw pdu-system
   |  +--rw manufacturer?       string
   |  +--rw model?              string
   |  +--rw serial-number?      string
   |  +--rw firmware-version?   string
   |  +--rw ip-address?         inet:ip-address
   |  +--rw uptime?             yang:counter64
   |  +--rw temperature?        decimal64
   |  +--rw humidity?           decimal64
   |
   +--rw network
   |  +--rw ip-address?          inet:ip-address
   |  +--rw subnet-mask?         inet:ip-address
   |  +--rw gateway?             inet:ip-address
   |  +--rw snmp-enabled?        boolean
   |  +--rw restconf-enabled?    boolean
   |  +--rw netconf-enabled?     boolean
   |
   +--rw input-lines
   |  +--rw line* [id]
   |     +--rw id            string
   |     +--rw voltage?      decimal64
   |     +--rw current?      decimal64
   |     +--rw frequency?    decimal64
   |     +--rw power?        decimal64
   |     +--rw energy?       decimal64
   |     +--rw status?       enumeration { ok, warning, fault }



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   |
   +--rw outlets
   |  +--rw outlet* [id]
   |     +--rw id?             string
   |     +--rw label?          string
   |     +--rw voltage?        decimal64
   |     +--rw current?        decimal64
   |     +--rw power?          decimal64
   |     +--rw energy?         decimal64
   |     +--rw power-factor?   decimal64
   |     +--rw status?         enumeration { on, off, error, unknown }
   |     +--rw admin-state?    enumeration { on, off, reboot }
   |     +--rw last-change?    yang:date-and-time
   |     +--rw lock-state?     boolean
   |
   +--rw sensors
   |  +--rw sensor* [id]
   |     +--rw id?        string
   |     +--rw type?      enumeration { temperature, humidity, airflow }
   |     +--rw value?     decimal64
   |     +--rw unit?      string
   |     +--rw status?    enumeration { ok, warning, fault }
   |
   +--rw thresholds
      +--rw threshold* [label]
         +--rw label?        string
         +--rw parameter?    string
         +--rw low-limit?    decimal64
         +--rw high-limit?   decimal64
         +--rw action?       enumeration { alert, shutdown, ignore }

6.  Security and operational considerations

   To be provided.

7.  Informative References

   [I-D.belmq-green-framework]
              Claise, B., Contreras, L. M., Lindblad, J., Palmero, M.,
              Stephan, E., and Q. Wu, "Framework for Energy Efficiency
              Management", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
              belmq-green-framework-06, 20 October 2025,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-belmq-green-
              framework-06>.







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Appendix A.  Implementation status

   An initial version of the proposed YANG data model has been developed
   during the GREEN Framework and Use Cases project at the Hackathon
   performed during IETF 123 (July 2025).

Acknowledgements

   This work has been partially funded by the Smart Networks and
   Services Joint Undertaking (SNS JU) under the European Union's
   Horizon Europe research and innovation project Exigence (Grant
   Agreement no. 101139120).

Authors' Addresses

   Osama Abboud
   Huawei Technologies
   Germany
   Email: osama.abboud@huawei.com


   Artur Hecker
   Huawei Technologies
   Germany
   Email: artur.hecker@huawei.com


   Luis M. Contreras
   Telefonica
   Ronda de la Comunicacion, s/n
   28050 Madrid
   Spain
   Email: luismiguel.contrerasmurillo@telefonica.com
   URI:   http://lmcontreras.com

















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