



I2NSF Working Group                                         S. Hyun, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                        Myongji University
Intended status: Standards Track                           J. Jeong, Ed.
Expires: 11 November 2023                                         T. Roh
                                                                   S. Wi
                                                 Sungkyunkwan University
                                                                 J. Park
                                                                    ETRI
                                                             10 May 2023


    I2NSF Registration Interface YANG Data Model for NSF Capability
                              Registration
             draft-ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface-dm-26

Abstract

   This document defines a YANG data model for the Registration
   Interface between Security Controller and Developer's Management
   System (DMS) in the Interface to Network Security Functions (I2NSF)
   framework to register Network Security Functions (NSF) of the DMS
   with the Security Controller.  The objective of this data model is to
   support NSF capability registration and query via I2NSF Registration
   Interface.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 11 November 2023.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.





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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Objectives  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Information Model of Registration Interface . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.1.  NSF Capability Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
       4.1.1.  NSF Capability Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       4.1.2.  NSF Access Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     4.2.  NSF Capability Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   5.  YANG Data Model of Registration Interface . . . . . . . . . .   9
     5.1.  YANG Tree Diagrams of Registration Interface  . . . . . .   9
       5.1.1.  NSF Capability Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       5.1.2.  NSF Capability Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     5.2.  YANG Module of Registration Interface . . . . . . . . . .  13
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
   Appendix A.  I2NSF Event Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
   Appendix B.  XML Examples of an NSF Registration with I2NSF
           Registration Interface Data Model . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
   Appendix C.  XML Examples of an NSF Capability Update with I2NSF
           Registration Interface Data Model . . . . . . . . . . . .  31
   Appendix D.  NSF Lifecycle Management in NFV Environments . . . .  33
   Appendix E.  Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
   Appendix F.  Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
   Appendix G.  Changes from
           draft-ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface-dm-25 . . . . . .  34
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34











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1.  Introduction

   A number of Network Security Functions (NSF) may exist in the
   Interface to Network Security Functions (I2NSF) framework [RFC8329].
   Since each of these NSFs likely has different security capabilities
   from each other, it is important to register the security
   capabilities of the NSFs to the Security Controller (i.e., Network
   Operator Management System in [RFC8329]).  In addition, it is
   required to search NSFs of some required security capabilities on
   demand.  As an example, if additional security capabilities are
   required to serve some security service request(s) from an I2NSF
   User, the Security Controller should be able to request the
   Developer's Management System (DMS) for NSFs that have the required
   security capabilities.

   As the main focus of the YANG module defined in
   [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model] is to define the security
   capabilities of an NSF, it lacks in some information (e.g., network
   access information to an NSF) needed by the Security Controller.
   This information can be provided by the DMS as it is the vendor
   system that provides and deploys the NSFs.  Hence, this document
   provides the I2NSF Registration Interface to let the DMS register the
   capabilities and network access information of its NSFs with the
   Security Controller.

   This document describes an information model (see Section 4) and a
   YANG [RFC7950] data model (see Section 5), which is extended from the
   I2NSF Capability YANG data model
   [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model], for the I2NSF Registration
   Interface [RFC8329] between the Security Controller and the DMS to
   support NSF capability registration and query via the registration
   interface.  It also describes the operations that can be performed by
   the Security Controller and the DMS via the Registration Interface
   using the defined model.  Note that in either NETCONF [RFC6241] or
   RESTCONF [RFC8040] parlance through the I2NSF Registration Interface,
   the Security Controller is the client, and the DMS is the server
   because the Security Controller and DMS run the client and server for
   either NETCONF or RESTCONF, respectively.

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.





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   This document uses the following terms defined in [RFC3444],
   [RFC8329] and [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model].

   *  Network Security Function (NSF): A function that is responsible
      for a specific treatment of received packets.  A Network Security
      Function can act at various layers of a protocol stack (e.g., at
      the network layer or other OSI layers).  Sample Network Security
      Service Functions are as follows: Firewall, Intrusion Prevention/
      Detection System (IPS/IDS), Deep Packet Inspection (DPI),
      Application Visibility and Control (AVC), network virus and
      malware scanning, sandbox, Data Loss Prevention (DLP), Distributed
      Denial of Service (DDoS) mitigation and TLS proxy.

   *  Data Model: Data Models define managed objects at a lower level of
      abstraction, which include implementation- and protocol-specific
      details, e.g., rules that explain how to map managed objects onto
      lower-level protocol constructs [RFC3444].

   *  Information Model: Information Models are primarily useful for
      designers to describe the managed environment, for operators to
      understand the modeled objects, and for implementers as a guide to
      the functionality that must be described and coded in the Data
      Models [RFC3444].

   *  YANG: This document follows the guidelines of [RFC8407], uses the
      common YANG types defined in [RFC6991], and adopts the Network
      Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) [RFC8342].  The meaning
      of the symbols in tree diagrams is defined in [RFC8340].

3.  Objectives

   *  Registering NSFs with the I2NSF framework: Developer's Management
      System (DMS) in I2NSF framework is typically run by an NSF vendor,
      and uses Registration Interface to provide NSFs information (i.e.,
      capability, specification, and access information) developed by
      the NSF vendor to Security Controller.  Since there may be
      multiple vendors that provide NSFs for a target network, the I2NSF
      Registration Interface can be used as a standard interface for the
      DMSs to provide NSFs capability information to the Security
      Controller.  For the registered NSFs, Security Controller
      maintains a catalog of the capabilities of those NSFs to select
      appropriate NSFs for the requested security services.  Note that
      the I2NSF User and the vendor should exchange information for the
      discovery of Security Controller and DMS during the subscription
      of the security service.  The I2NSF User should provide the
      Security Controller information (e.g., access information) to the
      DMS for the NSFs registration, and the vendor should provide the
      DMS information (e.g., access information and the types of NSFs



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      managed by the DMS) to the Security Controller for allowing such
      connections.  The method of exchanging this information can be
      done either manually or dynamically (e.g., through the new options
      of I2NSF information in both DHCP [RFC2131] and DHCPv6 [RFC8415]).
      This actual method is out of the scope of this document.

   *  Updating the capabilities of registered NSFs: After an NSF is
      registered with Security Controller, some modifications on the
      capability of the NSF may be required later.  In this case, DMS
      uses Registration Interface to deliver the update of the
      capability of the NSF to the Security Controller, and this update
      MUST be reflected on the catalog of NSFs existing in the Security
      Controller.  That is, the DMS sends the updated NSF capability
      information to the Security Controller through a notification
      mechanism.  The Security Controller updates its catalog of NSFs
      with the updated NSF capability information.

   *  Asking DMS about some required capabilities: In cases that some
      security capabilities are required to serve the security service
      request from an I2NSF User, the Security Controller searches
      through the registered NSFs to find ones that can provide the
      required capabilities.  But Security Controller might fail to find
      any NSFs having the required capabilities among the registered
      NSFs.  In this case, Security Controller needs to request DMS for
      additional NSF(s) information that can provide the required
      security capabilities via Registration Interface.

4.  Information Model of Registration Interface

   The I2NSF registration interface is used by Security Controller and
   Developer's Management System (DMS) in I2NSF framework.  Figure 1
   shows the information model of the I2NSF registration interface,
   which consists of two submodels: NSF capability registration and NSF
   capability update.  Each submodel is used for the operations listed
   above.  The remainder of this section will provide in-depth
   explanation of each submodel.  The consideration of the design of the
   data model is based on the procedure and mechanism discussed in
   Section 8 of [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability], which discusses I2NSF
   Framework with Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
   [nfv-framework].











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     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |      I2NSF Registration Interface Information Model       |
     |                                                           |
     |         +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+          |
     |         | NSF Capability  |  | NSF Capability  |          |
     |         | Registration    |  | Update          |          |
     |         +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+          |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

          Figure 1: I2NSF Registration Interface Information Model

4.1.  NSF Capability Registration

   This submodel is used by the DMS to register the capabilities of NSFs
   with the request of the Security Controller.  Figure 2 shows how this
   submodel is constructed.  The most important part in Figure 2 is the
   NSF capability, and this specifies the set of capabilities that the
   NSF to be registered can offer.  The NSF Name contains a unique name
   of this NSF with the specified set of capabilities.  The NSF name
   MUST be unique within the registered NSFs in the Security Controller
   to identify the NSF with the capability.  The name can be an
   arbitrary string including Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).  To
   make sure each vendor does not provide a duplicated name, the name
   should include the vendor's detail (e.g., firewall-vendor-
   series_name-series_number).  When registering the NSF, DMS
   additionally includes the network access information of the NSF which
   is required to enable network communications with the NSF.

   The following sections will further explain the NSF capability
   information and the NSF access information in more detail.

                          +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                          | NSF Capability  |
                          | Registration    |
                          +-+-+-+-+^+-+-+-+-+
                                   |
             +---------------------+--------------------+
             |                     |                    |
             |                     |                    |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |   NSF     |       | NSF Capability|      | NSF Access  |
       |   Name    |       | Information   |      | Information |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

              Figure 2: NSF Capability Registration Sub-Model






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4.1.1.  NSF Capability Information

   NSF Capability Information basically describes the security
   capabilities of an NSF.  In Figure 3, we show capability objects of
   an NSF.  Following the information model of NSF capabilities defined
   in [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model], we share the same I2NSF
   security capabilities: Directional Capabilities, Event Capabilities,
   Condition Capabilities, Action Capabilities, Resolution Strategy
   Capabilities, Default Action Capabilities.  Also, NSF Capability
   Information additionally contains the specification of an NSF as
   shown in Figure 3.

                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                             | NSF Capability  |
                             |   Information   |
                             +-+-+-+-^-+-+-+-+-+
                                     |
                                     |
              +----------------------+----------------------+
              |                                             |
              |                                             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     I2NSF     |                             |      NSF      |
      | Capabilities  |                             | Specification |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                             +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
              |
       +------+-------------+----------------+----------------+-------+
       |                    |                |                |       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
   | Directional |  |    Event    |  |  Condition  |  |    Action   | |
   | Capabilities|  | Capabilities|  | Capabilities|  | Capabilities| |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
                                                                      |
                    +--------------------+--------------------+-------+
                    |                    |
              +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
              | Resolution  |      |   Default   |
              | Strategy    |      |   Action    |
              | Capabilities|      | Capabilities|
              +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                    Figure 3: NSF Capability Information

4.1.1.1.  NSF Specification

   This information represents the specification information of an NSF.
   As illustrated in Figure 4, this information consists of packet
   processing and bandwidth capabilities.



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   Packet processing is the overall capability of an NSF in processing
   packets measured in packets per second (PPS).  Bandwidth describes
   the information about available network amount in two cases, such as
   outbound and inbound.  Assuming that the current throughput and
   packet rate statuses of each NSF are being collected through NSF
   monitoring [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-nsf-monitoring-data-model], these
   capabilities of the NSF can be used to determine whether the NSF is
   in congestion or not by comparing it with the current throughput of
   the NSF.

                         +-----------------+
                         |       NSF       |
                         |  Specification  |
                         +--------^--------+
                                  |
                   +--------------+-------------+
                   |                            |
                   |                            |
         +---------+---------+            +-----+-----+
         | Packet Processing |            | Bandwidth |
         +-------------------+            +-----------+

                    Figure 4: NSF Specification Overview

4.1.2.  NSF Access Information

   NSF Access Information contains the following that are required to
   communicate with an NSF through NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF
   [RFC8040]: an IP address (i.e., IPv4 or IPv6 address) and a port
   number.  Note that the transport layer protocol can be any transport
   protocol that provides the required set of functionalities for either
   NETCONF or RESTCONF [RFC6241][RFC8040].  In this document, NSF Access
   Information is used to identify a specific NSF instance.  That is,
   NSF Access Information is the signature (i.e., unique identifier) of
   an NSF instance in the overall I2NSF system.

4.2.  NSF Capability Update

   The deployed NSFs may require to be updated to improve the quality of
   the security service.  The Security Controller can request update
   information to the DMS by subscribing to the NSF capability update
   notification.  The DMS can send the notification of NSF capability
   update using the NSF capability information submodel in Section 4.1.1
   for updating the capabilities of the NSF.







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5.  YANG Data Model of Registration Interface

5.1.  YANG Tree Diagrams of Registration Interface

   This section provides the YANG Tree Diagram of the I2NSF registration
   interface.  The I2NSF Registration Interface is used by the
   Developer's Management System (DMS) to register NSFs and their
   capabilities with the Security Controller.  Also, in case that the
   Security Controller fails to find any NSF among the registered NSFs
   which can provide some required capabilities, Security Controller
   uses the registration interface to query DMS about NSF(s) having the
   required capabilities.  The following sections describe the YANG data
   models to support these operations.

   Note that the YANG module in this document relies on the YANG module
   defined in [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model], hence QUIC
   protocol [RFC9000] and HTTP/3 are excluded in the data model.  The
   QUIC traffic should not be treated as UDP traffic, and HTTP/3 should
   neither be interpreted as either HTTP/1.1 nor HTTP/2.  Thus, the data
   model should be extended or augmented appropriately to support the
   handling of the QUIC protocol and HTTP/3 traffic according to the
   needs of the implementer.

5.1.1.  NSF Capability Registration

   This section describes the YANG tree diagram for the NSF capability
   registration and capability query.

   NSF Capability Registration
   rpcs:
     +---x nsf-capability-registration
     |  +---w input
     |  |  +---w query-nsf-capability
     |  |     +---w directional-capabilities*           identityref
     |  |     +---w event-capabilities
     |  |     |  +---w system-event-capability*   identityref
     |  |     |  +---w system-alarm-capability*   identityref
     |  |     +---w condition-capabilities
     |  |     |  +---w generic-nsf-capabilities
     |  |     |  |  +---w ethernet-capability*   identityref
     |  |     |  |  +---w ipv4-capability*       identityref
     |  |     |  |  +---w ipv6-capability*       identityref
     |  |     |  |  +---w icmpv4-capability*     identityref
     |  |     |  |  +---w icmpv6-capability*     identityref
     |  |     |  |  +---w tcp-capability*        identityref
     |  |     |  |  +---w udp-capability*        identityref
     |  |     |  |  +---w sctp-capability*       identityref
     |  |     |  |  +---w dccp-capability*       identityref



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     |  |     |  +---w advanced-nsf-capabilities
     |  |     |  |  +---w anti-ddos-capability*             identityref
     |  |     |  |  +---w ips-capability*                   identityref
     |  |     |  |  +---w anti-virus-capability*            identityref
     |  |     |  |  +---w url-filtering-capability*         identityref
     |  |     |  |  +---w voip-vocn-filtering-capability*   identityref
     |  |     |  +---w context-capabilities
     |  |     |     +---w time-capabilities*                 identityref
     |  |     |     +---w application-filter-capabilities*   identityref
     |  |     |     +---w device-type-capabilities*          identityref
     |  |     |     +---w user-condition-capabilities*       identityref
     |  |     |     +---w geographic-capabilities*           identityref
     |  |     +---w action-capabilities
     |  |     |  +---w ingress-action-capability*   identityref
     |  |     |  +---w egress-action-capability*    identityref
     |  |     |  +---w log-action-capability*       identityref
     |  |     +---w resolution-strategy-capabilities*   identityref
     |  |     +---w default-action-capabilities*        identityref
     |  +--ro output
     |     +--ro nsf* [nsf-name]
     |        +--ro nsf-name                            string
     |        +--ro version?                            string
     |        +--ro directional-capabilities*           identityref
     |        +--ro event-capabilities
     |        |  +--ro system-event-capability*   identityref
     |        |  +--ro system-alarm-capability*   identityref
     |        +--ro condition-capabilities
     |        |  +--ro generic-nsf-capabilities
     |        |  |  +--ro ethernet-capability*   identityref
     |        |  |  +--ro ipv4-capability*       identityref
     |        |  |  +--ro ipv6-capability*       identityref
     |        |  |  +--ro icmpv4-capability*     identityref
     |        |  |  +--ro icmpv6-capability*     identityref
     |        |  |  +--ro tcp-capability*        identityref
     |        |  |  +--ro udp-capability*        identityref
     |        |  |  +--ro sctp-capability*       identityref
     |        |  |  +--ro dccp-capability*       identityref
     |        |  +--ro advanced-nsf-capabilities
     |        |  |  +--ro anti-ddos-capability*             identityref
     |        |  |  +--ro ips-capability*                   identityref
     |        |  |  +--ro anti-virus-capability*            identityref
     |        |  |  +--ro url-filtering-capability*         identityref
     |        |  |  +--ro voip-vocn-filtering-capability*   identityref
     |        |  +--ro context-capabilities
     |        |     +--ro time-capabilities*                 identityref
     |        |     +--ro application-filter-capabilities*   identityref
     |        |     +--ro device-type-capabilities*          identityref
     |        |     +--ro user-condition-capabilities*       identityref



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     |        |     +--ro geographic-capabilities*           identityref
     |        +--ro action-capabilities
     |        |  +--ro ingress-action-capability*   identityref
     |        |  +--ro egress-action-capability*    identityref
     |        |  +--ro log-action-capability*       identityref
     |        +--ro resolution-strategy-capabilities*   identityref
     |        +--ro default-action-capabilities*        identityref
     |        +--ro nsf-specification
     |        |  +--ro packet-processing?   uint64
     |        |  +--ro bandwidth
     |        |     +--ro outbound?   uint64
     |        |     +--ro inbound?    uint64
     |        +--ro nsf-access-info
     |           +--ro ip?                    inet:ip-address-no-zone
     |           +--ro port?                  inet:port-number
     |           +--ro management-protocol?   enumeration

   Figure 5: YANG Tree Diagram of NSF Capability Registration Module

   When a Security Controller requests security services to the DMS, DMS
   uses the I2NSF Capability YANG Data Model
   [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model] to describe what capabilities
   the NSFs can offer.  Security Controller makes a description of the
   required capabilities and then queries DMS about which NSF(s) can
   provide these capabilities.  The DMS can apply a selection mechanism
   to select the NSFs that cover all requested capabilities effectively.
   This selection mechanism is out of the scope of this document.  DMS
   includes the access information of the NSF which is required to make
   a network connection with the NSF as well as the specification of the
   NSFs.  The NSF access information consists of ip, port, and
   management-protocol.  The field of ip can have either an IPv4 address
   or an IPv6 address.  The port field is used to get the transport
   protocol port number.  As I2NSF uses a YANG data model, the
   management protocol can be either NETCONF or RESTCONF.

   The credential management for accessing the NSFs is handled by pre-
   negotiation with every DMS.  This management is out of the scope of
   this document.

   The DMS can also include the resource information in terms of packet
   processing and bandwidth capabilities of the NSF.  Detailed overview
   of NSF specification can be seen in Section 4.1.1.1.

5.1.2.  NSF Capability Update

   This section describes the YANG tree diagram for the NSF capability
   update.




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     NSF Capability Update
     notifications:
       +---n nsf-capability-update
          +--ro nsf* [nsf-name]
             +--ro nsf-name                            string
             +--ro version?                            string
             +--ro directional-capabilities*           identityref
             +--ro event-capabilities
             |  +--ro system-event-capability*   identityref
             |  +--ro system-alarm-capability*   identityref
             +--ro condition-capabilities
             |  +--ro generic-nsf-capabilities
             |  |  +--ro ethernet-capability*   identityref
             |  |  +--ro ipv4-capability*       identityref
             |  |  +--ro ipv6-capability*       identityref
             |  |  +--ro icmpv4-capability*     identityref
             |  |  +--ro icmpv6-capability*     identityref
             |  |  +--ro tcp-capability*        identityref
             |  |  +--ro udp-capability*        identityref
             |  |  +--ro sctp-capability*       identityref
             |  |  +--ro dccp-capability*       identityref
             |  +--ro advanced-nsf-capabilities
             |  |  +--ro anti-ddos-capability*             identityref
             |  |  +--ro ips-capability*                   identityref
             |  |  +--ro anti-virus-capability*            identityref
             |  |  +--ro url-filtering-capability*         identityref
             |  |  +--ro voip-vocn-filtering-capability*   identityref
             |  +--ro context-capabilities
             |     +--ro time-capabilities*                 identityref
             |     +--ro application-filter-capabilities*   identityref
             |     +--ro device-type-capabilities*          identityref
             |     +--ro user-condition-capabilities*       identityref
             |     +--ro geographic-capabilities*           identityref
             +--ro action-capabilities
             |  +--ro ingress-action-capability*   identityref
             |  +--ro egress-action-capability*    identityref
             |  +--ro log-action-capability*       identityref
             +--ro resolution-strategy-capabilities*   identityref
             +--ro default-action-capabilities*        identityref
             +--ro nsf-specification
             |  +--ro packet-processing?   uint64
             |  +--ro bandwidth
             |     +--ro outbound?   uint64
             |     +--ro inbound?    uint64
             +--ro nsf-access-info
                +--ro ip?                    inet:ip-address-no-zone
                +--ro port?                  inet:port-number
                +--ro management-protocol?   enumeration



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        Figure 6: YANG Tree Diagram of NSF Capability Update Module

   This YANG data model is used to update the registered NSFs.  The
   update operation started by the Security Controller subscribing to
   the notification of NSFs capability updates.  See [RFC8639] for the
   subscription mechanism.  Appendix A explains the event stream for the
   subscription of this YANG module.

   The DMS should only send the NSF(s) with updated capabilities.  If an
   update is available, the DMS can deliver the NSF capability update
   notification to the Security Controller.  This YANG module allows
   multiple NSF capability updates in a single notification.  Note that
   the capabilities given in the update represent the full capabilities
   of each NSF.

5.2.  YANG Module of Registration Interface

   This section provides a YANG module of the data model for the
   registration interface between Security Controller and Developer's
   Management System, as defined in Section 4.

   This YANG module imports from [RFC6991] and
   [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model].  It makes references to
   [RFC6241] [RFC8040]

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface@2023-05-10.yang"
   module ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface {
     yang-version 1.1;

     namespace
       "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface";

     prefix
       i2nsfri;

     //RFC Ed.: replace occurrences of XXXX with actual RFC number and
     //remove this note

     import ietf-inet-types {
       prefix inet;
       reference "RFC 6991";
     }

     import ietf-i2nsf-capability {
       prefix i2nsfcap;
     // RFC Ed.: replace YYYY with actual RFC number of
     // draft-ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model and remove this note.
       reference "RFC YYYY: I2NSF Capability YANG Data Model";



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     }

     organization
      "IETF I2NSF (Interface to Network Security Functions)
       Working Group";

     contact
       "WG Web: <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/i2nsf>
        WG List: <mailto:i2nsf@ietf.org>

        Editor: Sangwon Hyun
        <mailto:shyun@mju.ac.kr>

        Editor: Jaehoon Paul Jeong
        <mailto:pauljeong@skku.edu>";

     description
       "This module defines a YANG data model for I2NSF
        Registration Interface.

        The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL',
        'SHALL NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED',
        'NOT RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this
        document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14
        (RFC 2119) (RFC 8174) when, and only when, they appear
        in all capitals, as shown here.

        Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons
        identified as authors of the code. All rights reserved.

        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
        without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject
        to the license terms contained in, the Revised BSD License
        set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
        Relating to IETF Documents
        (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

        This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see
        the RFC itself for full legal notices.";

     revision "2023-05-10" {
       description "Initial revision";
       reference
         "RFC XXXX: I2NSF Registration Interface YANG Data Model";
       // RFC Ed.: replace XXXX with actual RFC number and remove
       // this note
     }




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     grouping nsf-specification {
       description
         "Description of the specification of an NSF.";

       leaf packet-processing {
         type uint64;
         units "pps";
         description
           "The overall packet processing capability of the NSF measured in
            packets per second (pps).";
       }

       container bandwidth {
         description
           "Network bandwidth available on an NSF
            in the unit of Bps (Bytes per second).";

         leaf outbound {
           type uint64;
           units "Bps";
           description
             "The maximum aggregate outbound network bandwidth across all
              interfaces available to the NSF in bytes per second (Bps).";
         }

         leaf inbound {
           type uint64;
           units "Bps";
           description
             "The maximum aggregate inbound network bandwidth across all
              interfaces available to the NSF in bytes per second (Bps).";
         }
       }

     }

     grouping nsf-access-info {
       description
         "Information required to access an NSF.";
       leaf ip {
         type inet:ip-address-no-zone;
         description
           "Either an IPv4 or IPv6 address of this NSF.";
       }
       leaf port {
         type inet:port-number;
         description
           "Port available on this NSF";



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       }
       leaf management-protocol {
         type enumeration {
           enum NETCONF {
             description
               "Represents the management protocol NETCONF.";
             reference
               "RFC 6241: Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)";
           }
           enum RESTCONF {
             description
               "Represents the management protocol RESTCONF.";
             reference
               "RFC 8040: RESTCONF Protocol";
           }
         }
         description
           "The management protocol used to manage the NSF.";
       }
     }

     grouping nsf {
       description
         "The information of an NSF. It consists of the name of the NSF,
          NSF capabilities, NSF specifications, and NSF access
          information";
       leaf nsf-name {
         type string;
         description
           "The name of this registered NSF. The NSF name MUST be
            unique to identify the NSF with the capability. The name
            can be an arbitrary string including Fully Qualified
            Domain Name (FQDN).";
       }
       leaf version {
         type string;
         description
           "The NSF's current version level of the software in use.
            This string MAY indicate the specific software build date and
            target variant information.";
       }
       uses i2nsfcap:nsf-capabilities;
       container nsf-specification {
         description
           "The specification of an NSF.";
         uses nsf-specification;
       }
       container nsf-access-info {



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         description
           "Network access information of this NSF.";
         uses nsf-access-info;
       }
     }

     rpc nsf-capability-registration {
       description
         "Description of the capabilities that the
          Security Controller requests to the DMS";
       input {
         container query-nsf-capability {
           description
             "The query used to request NSFs. The specified
              capabilities in this field restrict the output field.";
           uses i2nsfcap:nsf-capabilities;
           reference "RFC YYYY: I2NSF Capability YANG Data Model";
         //RFC Ed.: replace YYYY with actual RFC number of
         //draft-ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model and remove this note.
         }
       }
       output {
         list nsf {
           key "nsf-name";
           description
             "The reply of the query to register the NSFs capabilities.
              The capabilities requested in the input field can be covered
              by multiple NSFs. This list consists of NSF(s) that cover
              every capability specified in the input field.  The
              selection method of which NSF(s) that should be listed in
              the output field depends on the implementer.  If any of
              the capabilities specified in the input field cannot be
              covered by any NSF, the reply should return an <rpc-error>
              with <error-message> of those capabilities.";
           uses nsf;
         }
       }
     }

     notification nsf-capability-update {
       description
         "This notification is sent when there are updates on the
          capabilities of one or more NSFs. The list of NSFs provided in
          this notification includes the current capabilities of each NSF.
          Note that the returned capabilities represent the full
          capabilities of each NSF.";
       list nsf {
         key "nsf-name";



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         description
           "List of NSFs with capabilities updated. The returned
            capabilities are the current capabilities of the NSF.";
         uses nsf;
       }
     }
   }
   <CODE ENDS>

              Figure 7: Registration Interface YANG Data Model

6.  IANA Considerations

   This document requests IANA to register the following URI in the
   "IETF XML Registry" [RFC3688]:

   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface
   Registrant Contact: The IESG.
   XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.


   This document requests IANA to register the following YANG module in
   the "YANG Module Names" registry [RFC7950][RFC8525]:

Name: ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface
Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface
Prefix: i2nsfri
Reference: RFC XXXX

// RFC Ed.: replace XXXX with actual RFC number and remove
// this note


7.  Security Considerations

   The YANG module specified in this document defines a data schema
   designed to be accessed through network management protocols such as
   NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF [RFC8040].  The lowest NETCONF layer is
   the secure transport layer, and the required secure transport is
   Secure Shell (SSH) [RFC6242].  The lowest RESTCONF layer is HTTPS,
   and the required secure transport is TLS [RFC8446].

   The NETCONF access control model [RFC8341] provides a means of
   restricting access to specific NETCONF or RESTCONF users to a
   preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol
   operations and content.





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   The architecture of I2NSF Framework presents a risk to the
   implementation of security detection and mitigation activities.  The
   risks of externally operated NSFs are discussed in Section 4 (Threats
   Associated with Externally Provided NSFs) of [RFC8329].  It is
   important to have an authentication and authorization method between
   the communication of the Security Controller and the DMS.  The
   following are threats that need to be considered and mitigated:

   Compromised DMS with valid credentials:  It can send falsified
      information to the Security Controller to mislead existing
      detection or mitigation devices.  Currently, there is no in-
      framework mechanism to mitigate this, and it is an issue for such
      infrastructures.  It is important to keep confidential information
      from unauthorized persons to mitigate the possibility of
      compromising the DMS with this information.

   Impersonating DMS:  This involves a system trying to send false
      information while imitating as a DMS; client authentication would
      help the Security Controller to identify this invalid DMS.

   The YANG module defined in this document extends the YANG module
   described in [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model].  Hence, this
   document shares all the security issues that are specified in
   Section 9 of [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model].

   There are a number of extended data nodes defined in this YANG module
   that are writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., config true, which is
   the default).  These data nodes MAY be considered sensitive or
   vulnerable in some network environments.  Write operations (e.g.,
   edit-config) to these data nodes without proper protection can have a
   negative effect on network operations.  These are the subtrees and
   data nodes and their sensitivity/vulnerability:

   *  nsf-specification: The attacker may provide incorrect information
      of the specification of any target NSF by modifying this.

   *  nsf-access-info: The attacker may provide incorrect network access
      information of any target NSF by modifying this.

   Some of the readable extended data nodes in this YANG module MAY be
   considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments.  It
   is thus important to control read access (e.g., via get, get-config,
   or notification) to these data nodes.  These are the subtrees and
   data nodes and their sensitivity/vulnerability:

   *  nsf-specification: The attacker may gather the specification
      information of any target NSF and misuse the information for
      subsequent attacks.



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   *  nsf-access-info: The attacker may gather the network access
      information of any target NSF and misuse the information for
      subsequent attacks.

   The RPC operation in this YANG module MAY be considered sensitive or
   vulnerable in some network environments.  It is thus important to
   control access to this operation.  The following is the operation and
   its sensitivity/vulnerability:

   *  nsf-capability-query: The attacker may exploit this RPC operation
      to deteriorate the availability of the DMS and/or gather the
      information of some interested NSFs from the DMS.  Some of the
      product capabilities provided by a vendor may be publicly known,
      the DMS should provide an authentication and authorization method
      to make sure this node cannot be used for exploitation.

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2131]  Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol",
              RFC 2131, DOI 10.17487/RFC2131, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2131>.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.

   [RFC5277]  Chisholm, S. and H. Trevino, "NETCONF Event
              Notifications", RFC 5277, DOI 10.17487/RFC5277, July 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5277>.

   [RFC6241]  Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
              and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
              (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.

   [RFC6242]  Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure
              Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, June 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6242>.






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   [RFC6991]  Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types",
              RFC 6991, DOI 10.17487/RFC6991, July 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6991>.

   [RFC7950]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
              RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.

   [RFC8040]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
              Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8329]  Lopez, D., Lopez, E., Dunbar, L., Strassner, J., and R.
              Kumar, "Framework for Interface to Network Security
              Functions", RFC 8329, DOI 10.17487/RFC8329, February 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8329>.

   [RFC8340]  Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams",
              BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, March 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8340>.

   [RFC8341]  Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
              Access Control Model", STD 91, RFC 8341,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8341, March 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8341>.

   [RFC8342]  Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K.,
              and R. Wilton, "Network Management Datastore Architecture
              (NMDA)", RFC 8342, DOI 10.17487/RFC8342, March 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8342>.

   [RFC8407]  Bierman, A., "Guidelines for Authors and Reviewers of
              Documents Containing YANG Data Models", BCP 216, RFC 8407,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8407, October 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8407>.

   [RFC8415]  Mrugalski, T., Siodelski, M., Volz, B., Yourtchenko, A.,
              Richardson, M., Jiang, S., Lemon, T., and T. Winters,
              "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)",
              RFC 8415, DOI 10.17487/RFC8415, November 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8415>.






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   [RFC8446]  Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol
              Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, August 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446>.

   [RFC8525]  Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Watsen, K.,
              and R. Wilton, "YANG Library", RFC 8525,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8525, March 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8525>.

   [RFC8639]  Voit, E., Clemm, A., Gonzalez Prieto, A., Nilsen-Nygaard,
              E., and A. Tripathy, "Subscription to YANG Notifications",
              RFC 8639, DOI 10.17487/RFC8639, September 2019,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8639>.

   [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability]
              Jeong, J. P., Hyun, S., Ahn, T., Hares, S., and D. Lopez,
              "Applicability of Interfaces to Network Security Functions
              to Network-Based Security Services", Work in Progress,
              Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-i2nsf-applicability-18, 16
              September 2019, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
              draft-ietf-i2nsf-applicability-18>.

   [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model]
              Hares, S., Jeong, J. P., Kim, J. T., Moskowitz, R., and Q.
              Lin, "I2NSF Capability YANG Data Model", Work in Progress,
              Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model-32,
              23 May 2022, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-
              ietf-i2nsf-capability-data-model-32>.

8.2.  Informative References

   [RFC3444]  Pras, A. and J. Schoenwaelder, "On the Difference between
              Information Models and Data Models", RFC 3444,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3444, January 2003,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3444>.

   [RFC3849]  Huston, G., Lord, A., and P. Smith, "IPv6 Address Prefix
              Reserved for Documentation", RFC 3849,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3849, July 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3849>.

   [RFC5737]  Arkko, J., Cotton, M., and L. Vegoda, "IPv4 Address Blocks
              Reserved for Documentation", RFC 5737,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5737, January 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5737>.






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   [RFC8792]  Watsen, K., Auerswald, E., Farrel, A., and Q. Wu,
              "Handling Long Lines in Content of Internet-Drafts and
              RFCs", RFC 8792, DOI 10.17487/RFC8792, June 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8792>.

   [RFC9000]  Iyengar, J., Ed. and M. Thomson, Ed., "QUIC: A UDP-Based
              Multiplexed and Secure Transport", RFC 9000,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9000, May 2021,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9000>.

   [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-nsf-monitoring-data-model]
              Jeong, J. P., Lingga, P., Hares, S., Xia, L., and H.
              Birkholz, "I2NSF NSF Monitoring Interface YANG Data
              Model", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
              i2nsf-nsf-monitoring-data-model-20, 1 June 2022,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-i2nsf-
              nsf-monitoring-data-model-20>.

   [nfv-framework]
              "Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Architectureal
              Framework", ETSI GS NFV 002 ETSI GS NFV 002 V1.1.1,
              October 2013.

Appendix A.  I2NSF Event Stream

   This section discusses the NETCONF event stream for an I2NSF
   Registration subscription.  The YANG module in this document supports
   "ietf-subscribed-notifications" YANG module [RFC8639] for
   subscription.  The reserved event stream name for this document is
   "I2NSF-Registration".  The NETCONF Server (e.g., DMS) MUST support
   "I2NSF-Registration" event stream for the NETCONF Client (e.g.,
   Security Controller).  The "I2NSF-Registration" event stream contains
   all notifications described in this document.

   The following XML example shows the capabilities of the event streams
   generated by the DMS (e.g., "NETCONF" and "I2NSF-Registration" event
   streams) for the subscription of NSF capability update.  Refer to
   [RFC5277] for a more detailed explanation of Event Streams.  The XML
   examples in this document follow the line breaks as per [RFC8792].












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   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <rpc-reply message-id="1"
              xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
     <data>
       <netconf xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netmod:notification">
         <streams>
           <stream>
             <name>NETCONF</name>
             <description>Default NETCONF Event Stream</description>
             <replaySupport>false</replaySupport>
           </stream>
           <stream>
             <name>I2NSF-Registration</name>
             <description>
               I2NSF Registration Event Stream for Capability Updates
             </description>
             <replaySupport>true</replaySupport>
             <replayLogCreationTime>
               2023-04-13T09:37:39+00:00
             </replayLogCreationTime>
           </stream>
         </streams>
       </netconf>
     </data>
   </rpc-reply>



     Figure 8: Example of NETCONF Server supporting I2NSF-Registration
                                Event Stream

Appendix B.  XML Examples of an NSF Registration with I2NSF Registration
             Interface Data Model

   This section shows XML examples of the I2NSF Registration Interface
   data model for registering the capabilities in either IPv4 networks
   [RFC5737] or IPv6 networks [RFC3849] with Security Controller.














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<rpc message-id="101" xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <nsf-capability-registration
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface">
    <query-nsf-capability>
      <condition-capabilities>
        <generic-nsf-capabilities>
          <ipv4-capability>source-address</ipv4-capability>
          <ipv4-capability>destination-address</ipv4-capability>
        </generic-nsf-capabilities>
        <advanced-nsf-capabilities>
          <url-filtering-capability>
            user-defined
          </url-filtering-capability>
        </advanced-nsf-capabilities>
      </condition-capabilities>
      <action-capabilities>
        <ingress-action-capability>drop</ingress-action-capability>
        <egress-action-capability>drop</egress-action-capability>
      </action-capabilities>
    </query-nsf-capability>
  </nsf-capability-registration>
</rpc>

    Figure 9: XML Examples of an NSF Query with I2NSF Registration
                         Interface Data Model

<rpc-reply message-id="101"
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <nsf
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface">
    <nsf-name>ipv4_general_firewall</nsf-name>
    <version>1.2.0</version>
    <condition-capabilities>
      <generic-nsf-capabilities>
        <ipv4-capability>next-header</ipv4-capability>
        <ipv4-capability>source-address</ipv4-capability>
        <ipv4-capability>destination-address</ipv4-capability>
        <tcp-capability>source-port-number</tcp-capability>
        <tcp-capability>destination-port-number</tcp-capability>
      </generic-nsf-capabilities>
    </condition-capabilities>
    <action-capabilities>
      <ingress-action-capability>pass</ingress-action-capability>
      <ingress-action-capability>drop</ingress-action-capability>
      <ingress-action-capability>mirror</ingress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>pass</egress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>drop</egress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>mirror</egress-action-capability>



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    </action-capabilities>
    <nsf-specification>
      <packet-processing>14000000</packet-processing>
      <bandwidth>
        <outbound>1000000000</outbound>
        <inbound>1000000000</inbound>
      </bandwidth>
    </nsf-specification>
    <nsf-access-info>
      <ip>192.0.2.11</ip>
      <port>49152</port>
      <management-protocol>
        NETCONF
      </management-protocol>
    </nsf-access-info>
  </nsf>
  <nsf
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface">
    <nsf-name>ipv4_web_filter</nsf-name>
    <version>1.1.0</version>
    <condition-capabilities>
      <advanced-nsf-capabilities>
        <url-filtering-capability>
          user-defined
        </url-filtering-capability>
      </advanced-nsf-capabilities>
    </condition-capabilities>
    <action-capabilities>
      <ingress-action-capability>pass</ingress-action-capability>
      <ingress-action-capability>drop</ingress-action-capability>
      <ingress-action-capability>mirror</ingress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>pass</egress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>drop</egress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>mirror</egress-action-capability>
    </action-capabilities>
    <nsf-specification>
      <packet-processing>14000000</packet-processing>
      <bandwidth>
        <outbound>1000000000</outbound>
        <inbound>1000000000</inbound>
      </bandwidth>
    </nsf-specification>
    <nsf-access-info>
      <ip>192.0.2.12</ip>
      <port>49152</port>
      <management-protocol>
        NETCONF
      </management-protocol>



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    </nsf-access-info>
  </nsf>
</rpc-reply>

   Figure 10: XML Reply for the Registration of General Firewall in
                    an IPv4 Network and Web Filter

   Figure 9 shows the query for NSF(s) that can inspect IPv4 source
   address, destination address, and URL.  Figure 10 shows the reply for
   the configuration XML for registering a general firewall and a web
   filter in an IPv4 network [RFC5737] and their capabilities.

   The general firewall registered is as follows.

   1.  The first instance name of the NSF is ipv4_general_firewall.

   2.  The version used is 1.2.0.

   3.  The NSF can inspect IPv4 protocol header field, source
       address(es), and destination address(es).

   4.  The NSF can inspect the port number(s) for the transport layer
       protocol, i.e., TCP.

   5.  The NSF can determine whether the packets are allowed to pass,
       drop, or mirror.

   6.  The NSF is able to process 14,000,000 packets per second.

   7.  The network bandwidth available on the NSF is 1 GBps for both the
       outbound traffic and inbound traffic.

   8.  The IPv4 address of the NSF is 192.0.2.11.

   9.  The port of the NSF is 49152 using the NETCONF protocol.

   The web filter registered is as follows.

   1.  The first instance name of the NSF is ipv4_web_filter.

   2.  The version used is 1.1.0.

   3.  The NSF can inspect a URL matched from a user-defined URL.  User
       can specify their own URL.

   4.  The NSF can determine whether the packets are allowed to pass,
       drop, or mirror.




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   5.  The NSF is able to process 14,000,000 packets per second.

   6.  The network bandwidth available on the NSF is 1 GBps for both the
       outbound traffic and inbound traffic.

   7.  The IPv4 address of the NSF is 192.0.2.12.

   8.  The port of the NSF is 49152 using the NETCONF protocol.


<rpc message-id="101" xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <nsf-capability-registration
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface">
    <query-nsf-capability>
      <condition-capabilities>
        <generic-nsf-capabilities>
          <ipv6-capability>source-address</ipv6-capability>
          <ipv6-capability>destination-address</ipv6-capability>
        </generic-nsf-capabilities>
        <advanced-nsf-capabilities>
          <url-filtering-capability>
            user-defined
          </url-filtering-capability>
        </advanced-nsf-capabilities>
      </condition-capabilities>
      <action-capabilities>
        <ingress-action-capability>drop</ingress-action-capability>
        <egress-action-capability>drop</egress-action-capability>
      </action-capabilities>
    </query-nsf-capability>
  </nsf-capability-registration>
</rpc>

   Figure 11: XML Examples of an NSF Query with I2NSF Registration
                         Interface Data Model

<rpc-reply message-id="101"
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <nsf
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface">
    <nsf-name>ipv4_general_firewall</nsf-name>
    <version>1.2.0</version>
    <condition-capabilities>
      <generic-nsf-capabilities>
        <ipv6-capability>next-header</ipv6-capability>
        <ipv6-capability>source-address</ipv6-capability>
        <ipv6-capability>destination-address</ipv6-capability>
        <tcp-capability>source-port-number</tcp-capability>



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        <tcp-capability>destination-port-number</tcp-capability>
      </generic-nsf-capabilities>
    </condition-capabilities>
    <action-capabilities>
      <ingress-action-capability>pass</ingress-action-capability>
      <ingress-action-capability>drop</ingress-action-capability>
      <ingress-action-capability>mirror</ingress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>pass</egress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>drop</egress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>mirror</egress-action-capability>
    </action-capabilities>
    <nsf-specification>
      <packet-processing>14000000</packet-processing>
      <bandwidth>
        <outbound>1000000000</outbound>
        <inbound>1000000000</inbound>
      </bandwidth>
    </nsf-specification>
    <nsf-access-info>
      <ip>2001:db8:0:1::11</ip>
      <port>49153</port>
      <management-protocol>
        NETCONF
      </management-protocol>
    </nsf-access-info>
  </nsf>
  <nsf
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface">
    <nsf-name>ipv6_web_filter</nsf-name>
    <version>1.1.0</version>
    <condition-capabilities>
      <advanced-nsf-capabilities>
        <url-filtering-capability>
          user-defined
        </url-filtering-capability>
      </advanced-nsf-capabilities>
    </condition-capabilities>
    <action-capabilities>
      <ingress-action-capability>pass</ingress-action-capability>
      <ingress-action-capability>drop</ingress-action-capability>
      <ingress-action-capability>mirror</ingress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>pass</egress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>drop</egress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>mirror</egress-action-capability>
    </action-capabilities>
    <nsf-specification>
      <packet-processing>14000000</packet-processing>
      <bandwidth>



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        <outbound>1000000000</outbound>
        <inbound>1000000000</inbound>
      </bandwidth>
    </nsf-specification>
    <nsf-access-info>
      <ip>2001:db8:0:1::12</ip>
      <port>49153</port>
      <management-protocol>
        NETCONF
      </management-protocol>
    </nsf-access-info>
  </nsf>
</rpc-reply>

   Figure 12: XML Reply for the Registration of General Firewall in
                    an IPv4 Network and Web Filter

   In addition, Figure 11 and Figure 12 shows the query and reply
   message for the configuration XML for registering a general firewall
   in an IPv6 network [RFC3849] and webfilter with their capabilities.

   1.  The instance name of the NSF is ipv6_general_firewall.

   2.  The version used is 1.2.0.

   3.  The NSF can inspect IPv6 next header, flow direction, source
       address(es), and destination address(es)

   4.  The NSF can inspect the port number(s) and flow direction for the
       transport layer protocol, i.e., TCP.

   5.  The NSF can determine whether the packets are allowed to pass,
       drop, or mirror.

   6.  The NSF is able to process 14,000,000 packets per second.

   7.  The network bandwidth available on the NSF is 1 GBps for both the
       outbound and inbound traffics.

   8.  The IPv6 address of the NSF is 2001:db8:0:1::11.

   9.  The port of the NSF is 49153 using the NETCONF protocol.

   The web filter registered is as follows.

   1.  The first instance name of the NSF is ipv6_web_filter.

   2.  The version used is 1.1.0.



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   3.  The NSF can inspect a URL matched from a user-defined URL.  User
       can specify their own URL.

   4.  The NSF can determine whether the packets are allowed to pass,
       drop, or mirror.

   5.  The NSF is able to process 14,000,000 packets per second.

   6.  The network bandwidth available on the NSF is 1 GBps for both the
       outbound traffic and inbound traffic.

   7.  The IPv4 address of the NSF is 2001:db8:0:1::12.

   8.  The port of the NSF is 49153 using the NETCONF protocol.

Appendix C.  XML Examples of an NSF Capability Update with I2NSF
             Registration Interface Data Model

   This section shows an XML example of a capability update for an NSF.
   In this example, the registered General Firewall for the IPv4 network
   shown in Figure 10 is updated.  The DMS can send a notification for
   capability update with the following XML:





























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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<notification xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:notification:1.0">
 <eventTime>2023-04-14T07:43:52.181088+00:00</eventTime>
 <nsf-capability-update
  xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface">
  <nsf>
    <nsf-name>ipv4_general_firewall</nsf-name>
    <version>2.0.0</version>
    <condition-capabilities>
      <generic-nsf-capabilities>
        <ipv6-capability>next-header</ipv6-capability>
        <ipv6-capability>source-address</ipv6-capability>
        <ipv6-capability>destination-address</ipv6-capability>
        <tcp-capability>source-port-number</tcp-capability>
        <tcp-capability>destination-port-number</tcp-capability>
        <udp-capability>source-port-number</udp-capability>
        <udp-capability>destination-port-number</udp-capability>
      </generic-nsf-capabilities>
    </condition-capabilities>
    <action-capabilities>
      <ingress-action-capability>pass</ingress-action-capability>
      <ingress-action-capability>drop</ingress-action-capability>
      <ingress-action-capability>mirror</ingress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>pass</egress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>drop</egress-action-capability>
      <egress-action-capability>mirror</egress-action-capability>
    </action-capabilities>
    <nsf-specification>
      <packet-processing>14000000</packet-processing>
      <bandwidth>
        <outbound>1000000000</outbound>
        <inbound>1000000000</inbound>
      </bandwidth>
    </nsf-specification>
    <nsf-access-info>
      <ip>2001:db8:0:1::11</ip>
      <port>49153</port>
      <management-protocol>
        NETCONF
      </management-protocol>
    </nsf-access-info>
  </nsf>
 </nsf-capability-update>
</notification>

     Figure 13: XML example of NSF capability update notification





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   Figure 13 shows the XML of an NSF capability update for the NSF named
   ipv4_general_firewall.  In this example, the NSF has been updated
   with a new version (i.e., 2.0.0) and extended capabilities (i.e.,
   inspect the port number(s) for UDP packets).

Appendix D.  NSF Lifecycle Management in NFV Environments

   Network Functions Virtualization (called NFV) can be used to
   implement I2NSF framework.  In NFV environments, NSFs are deployed as
   virtual network functions (VNFs).  Security Controller can be
   implemented as an Element Management (EM) of the NFV architecture,
   and is connected with the VNF Manager (VNFM) via the Ve-Vnfm
   interface [nfv-framework].  Security Controller can use this
   interface for the purpose of the lifecycle management of NSFs.  If
   some NSFs need to be instantiated to enforce security policies in the
   I2NSF framework, Security Controller could request the VNFM to
   instantiate them through the DMS having the Ve-Vnfm interface with
   the VNFM.  Refer to Section 8 of [I-D.ietf-i2nsf-applicability] for
   the detailed description on I2NSF Framework with NFV.  Or if an NSF,
   running as a VNF, is not used by any flows for a time period,
   Security Controller may request deinstantiating it through the DMS
   having the Ve-Vnfm interface with the VNFM for efficient resource
   utilization.

Appendix E.  Acknowledgments

   This document is a product by the I2NSF Working Group (WG) including
   WG Chairs (i.e., Linda Dunbar and Yoav Nir) and Diego Lopez.  This
   document took advantage of the review and comments from the following
   people: Roman Danyliw, Reshad Rahman (YANG doctor), and Tom Petch.
   We authors sincerely appreciate their sincere efforts and kind help.

   This work was supported by Institute of Information & Communications
   Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea
   MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT) (No. 2016-0-00078, Cloud Based
   Security Intelligence Technology Development for the Customized
   Security Service Provisioning).  This work was supported in part by
   the IITP (2020-0-00395-003, Standard Development of Blockchain based
   Network Management Automation Technology).

Appendix F.  Contributors

   The following are co-authors of this document:

   Patrick Lingga - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
   Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seo-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do
   16419, Republic of Korea.  EMail: patricklink@skku.edu




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   Jinyong (Tim) Kim - Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer
   Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seo-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon,
   Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.  EMail: timkim@skku.edu

   Chaehong Chung - Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer
   Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seo-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon,
   Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.  EMail: darkhong@skku.edu

   Susan Hares - Huawei, 7453 Hickory Hill, Saline, MI 48176, USA.
   EMail: shares@ndzh.com

   Diego R.  Lopez - Telefonica I+D, Jose Manuel Lara, 9, Seville,
   41013, Spain.  EMail: diego.r.lopez@telefonica.com

Appendix G.  Changes from draft-ietf-i2nsf-registration-interface-dm-25

   The following changes are made from draft-ietf-i2nsf-registration-
   interface-dm-25:

   *  This version replaces Network Management Operator System with
      Network Operator Management System according to [RFC8329]

Authors' Addresses

   Sangwon Hyun (editor)
   Department of Computer Engineering
   Myongji University
   116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu
   Yongin
   Gyeonggi-do
   17058
   Republic of Korea
   Email: shyun@mju.ac.kr


   Jaehoon Paul Jeong (editor)
   Department of Computer Science and Engineering
   Sungkyunkwan University
   2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
   Suwon
   Gyeonggi-Do
   16419
   Republic of Korea
   Phone: +82 31 299 4957
   Email: pauljeong@skku.edu
   URI:   http://iotlab.skku.edu/people-jaehoon-jeong.php





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   Taekyun Roh
   Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering
   Sungkyunkwan University
   2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
   Suwon
   Gyeonggi-Do
   16419
   Republic of Korea
   Phone: +82 31 290 7222
   Email: tkroh0198@skku.edu


   Sarang Wi
   Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering
   Sungkyunkwan University
   2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu
   Suwon
   Gyeonggi-Do
   16419
   Republic of Korea
   Phone: +82 31 290 7222
   Email: dnl9795@skku.edu


   Jung-Soo Park
   Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute
   218 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu
   Daejeon
   34129
   Republic of Korea
   Phone: +82 42 860 6514
   Email: pjs@etri.re.kr



















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