



Network Working Group                                          A. Azimov
Internet-Draft                                                    Yandex
Intended status: Standards Track                                E. Uskov
Expires: 20 July 2026                                            JetLend
                                                                 R. Bush
                                               Internet Initiative Japan
                                                             J. Snijders
                                                                     BSD
                                                              R. Housley
                                                          Vigil Security
                                                             B. Maddison
                                                              Workonline
                                                         16 January 2026


         A Profile for Autonomous System Provider Authorization
                   draft-ietf-sidrops-aspa-profile-21

Abstract

   This document defines a Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) protected
   content type for Autonomous System Provider Authorization (ASPA)
   objects for use with the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI).
   An ASPA is a digitally signed object through which the issuer (the
   holder of an Autonomous System identifier), can authorize one or more
   other Autonomous Systems (ASes) as its upstream providers.  When
   validated, an ASPA's eContent can be used for detection and
   mitigation of route leaks.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.





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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 20 July 2026.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2026 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components
   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  ASPA Content Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  ASPA eContent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.2.  customerASID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.3.  providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   4.  ASPA Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   5.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     5.1.  SMI Security for S/MIME Module Identifier registry  . . .   6
     5.2.  SMI Security for S/MIME CMS Content Type registry . . . .   7
     5.3.  RPKI Signed Object registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     5.4.  RPKI Repository Name Scheme registry  . . . . . . . . . .   7
     5.5.  Media Type registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   6.  Implementation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   7.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   8.  Implementation status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   9.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   Appendix A.  Example ASPA eContent Payload  . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14





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1.  Introduction

   The primary purpose of the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)
   is to improve routing security [RFC6480].  As part of this
   infrastructure, a mechanism is needed to facilitate holders of
   Autonomous System (AS) identifiers in their capacity as Customer to
   authorize other ASes as their Provider(s).  A Provider AS (PAS) is a
   network that:

   a.  offers its customers outbound (customer to Internet) data traffic
       connectivity and/or

   b.  further propagates in all directions (towards providers, lateral
       peers, and customers) any BGP Updates that the customer may send.

   The digitally signed Autonomous System Provider Authorization (ASPA)
   object described in this document provides the above-mentioned
   authorization mechanism.

   An ASPA object is a cryptographically verifiable attestation signed
   by the holder of an Autonomous System identifier (hereafter called
   the "Customer AS", or CAS).  An ASPA contains a list of one or more
   ASes, each listing meaning the listed AS is authorized to act as
   Provider network.  When the CAS has multiple Providers, all Provider
   ASes are listed in the ASPA, including any non-transparent Internet
   Exchange Point (IXP) Route Server (RS) ASes.  The common case for RS
   ASes at IXPs is to operate transparently (see Section 2.2.2.1
   [RFC7947]), and in those instances the ASNs of IXP Route Servers are
   not listed as PAS in ASPAs.

   The BGP Roles that an Autonomous System (AS) may have in its peering
   relationships with eBGP neighbors are discussed in
   [I-D.ietf-sidrops-aspa-verification].  The details of ASPA
   registration requirements for ASes in different scenarios are also
   specified in that document.  In addition, the procedures for
   verifying AS_PATHs in BGP UPDATE messages using Validated ASPA
   Payloads (VAPs) are described in that document.

   This CMS [RFC5652] protected content type definition conforms to the
   [RFC6488] template for RPKI signed objects.  In accordance with
   Section 4 of [RFC6488], this document defines:

   1.  The object identifier (OID) that identifies the ASPA signed
       object.  This OID appears in the eContentType field of the
       encapContentInfo object as well as the content-type signed
       attribute within the signerInfo structure.





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   2.  The ASN.1 syntax for the ASPA content, which is the payload
       signed by the CAS.  The ASPA content is encoded using the ASN.1
       [X.680] Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER) [X.690].

   3.  The steps required to validate an ASPA beyond the validation
       steps specified in [RFC6488].

2.  ASPA Content Type

   The content-type for an ASPA is defined as id-ct-ASPA, which has the
   numerical value of 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.49.  This OID MUST appear
   both within the eContentType in the encapContentInfo structure as
   well as the content-type signed attribute within the signerInfo
   structure (see [RFC6488]).

3.  ASPA eContent

   The content of an ASPA identifies the Customer AS (CAS) as well as
   the Set of Provider ASes (SPAS) that are authorized by the CAS to be
   its Providers.

   A user registering ASPA(s) must be cognizant of Sections 2, 3, and 4
   of [I-D.ietf-sidrops-aspa-verification] and the user (or their
   software tool) must comply with the ASPA registration recommendations
   in Section 4 of that document.

   It is highly recommended that for a given Customer AS, a single ASPA
   object be maintained which contains all providers, including any non-
   transparent RS ASes.  Such a practice helps prevent race conditions
   during ASPA updates.  Otherwise, said race conditions might affect
   route propagation.  The software that provides hosting for ASPA
   records SHOULD support enforcement of this recommendation.  In the
   case of the transition process between different CA registries, the
   ASPA records SHOULD be kept identical in all registries in terms of
   their authorization contents.

   The eContent of an ASPA is an instance of ASProviderAttestation,
   formally defined by the following ASN.1 [X.680] module:













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   RPKI-ASPA-2023
     { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1)
        pkcs-9(9) smime(16) modules(0) id-mod-rpki-aspa-2023(TBD) }

   DEFINITIONS EXPLICIT TAGS ::=
   BEGIN

   IMPORTS
     CONTENT-TYPE
     FROM CryptographicMessageSyntax-2010  -- RFC 6268
       { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1)
          pkcs-9(9) smime(16) modules(0) id-mod-cms-2009(58) } ;

   id-ct-ASPA OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
     { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1)
       pkcs-9(9) id-smime(16) id-ct(1) aspa(49) }

   ct-ASPA CONTENT-TYPE ::=
     { TYPE ASProviderAttestation IDENTIFIED BY id-ct-ASPA }

   ASProviderAttestation ::= SEQUENCE {
     version [0]   INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
     customerASID  ASID,
     providers     ProviderASSet }

   ProviderASSet ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..MAX)) OF ASID

   ASID ::= INTEGER (0..4294967295)

   END

   Note that this content appears as the eContent within the
   encapContentInfo as specified in [RFC6488].

3.1.  version

   The version number of the ASProviderAttestation that complies with
   this specification MUST be 1 and MUST be explicitly encoded.

3.2.  customerASID

   The customerASID field contains the AS number of the Customer
   Autonomous System that is the authorizing entity.

3.3.  providers

   The providers field contains the listing of ASes that are authorized
   as providers.



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   Each element contained in the providers field is an instance of ASID.
   Each ASID element contains the AS number of an AS that has been
   authorized by the customer AS as its provider or RS.

   In addition to the constraints described by the formal ASN.1
   definition, the contents of the providers field MUST satisfy the
   following constraints:

   *  The CustomerASID value MUST NOT appear in any ASID in the
      providers field.

   *  The elements of providers MUST be ordered in ascending numerical
      order.

   *  Each value of ASID MUST be unique (with respect to the other
      elements of providers).

4.  ASPA Validation

   Before a relying party can use an ASPA to validate a routing
   announcement, the relying party MUST first validate the ASPA object
   itself.  To validate an ASPA, the relying party MUST perform all the
   validation checks specified in [RFC6488] as well as the following
   additional ASPA-specific validation steps.

   *  The Autonomous System Identifier Delegation Extension [RFC3779]
      MUST be present in the end-entity (EE) certificate (contained
      within the ASPA), and the Customer ASID in the ASPA eContent MUST
      match the ASId specified by the EE certificate's Autonomous System
      Identifier Delegation Extension.

   *  The Autonomous System Identifier Delegation Extension MUST contain
      exactly one "id" element (Section 3.2.3.6 of [RFC3779]) and MUST
      NOT contain any "inherit" elements (Section 3.2.3.3 of [RFC3779])
      or "range" elements (Section 3.2.3.7 of [RFC3779]).

   *  The IP Address Delegation Extension [RFC3779] MUST be absent.

5.  IANA Considerations

5.1.  SMI Security for S/MIME Module Identifier registry

   Please add the id-mod-rpki-aspa-2023 to the SMI Security for S/MIME
   Module Identifier (1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.0) registry
   (https://www.iana.org/assignments/smi-numbers/smi-
   numbers.xml#security-smime-0) as follows:





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       Decimal   | Description                   | Specification
       -----------------------------------------------------------
       TBD2      | id-mod-rpki-aspa-2023         | [RFC-to-be]

5.2.  SMI Security for S/MIME CMS Content Type registry

   Please add the ASPA to the SMI Security for S/MIME CMS Content Type
   (1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1) registry (https://www.iana.org/assignments/
   smi-numbers/smi-numbers.xml#security-smime-1) as follows:

       Decimal   | Description                   | Specification
       -----------------------------------------------------------
       49        | id-ct-ASPA                    | [RFC-to-be]

5.3.  RPKI Signed Object registry

   Please add Autonomous System Provider Authorization to the RPKI
   Signed Object registry (https://www.iana.org/assignments/rpki/
   rpki.xhtml#signed-objects) as follows:

    Name                                     | OID                         | Specification
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Autonomous System Provider Authorization | 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.49  | [RFC-to-be]

5.4.  RPKI Repository Name Scheme registry

   Please add an item for the Autonomous System Provider Authorization
   file extension to the "RPKI Repository Name Scheme" registry created
   by [RFC6481] as follows:

   Filename
   Extension  RPKI Object                               Reference
   --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      .asa    Autonomous System Provider Authorization  [RFC-to-be]


5.5.  Media Type registry

   The IANA is requested to register the media type application/rpki-
   aspa in the "Media Type" registry as follows:











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      Type name: application
      Subtype name: rpki-aspa
      Required parameters: N/A
      Optional parameters: N/A
      Encoding considerations: binary
      Security considerations: Carries an RPKI ASPA [RFC-to-be].
          This media type contains no active content. See
          Section 4 of [RFC-to-be] for further information.
      Interoperability considerations: None
      Published specification: [RFC-to-be]
      Applications that use this media type: RPKI operators
      Additional information:
        Content: This media type is a signed object, as defined
            in [RFC6488], which contains a payload of a list of
            AS identifers as defined in [RFC-to-be].
        Magic number(s): None
        File extension(s): .asa
        Macintosh file type code(s):
      Person & email address to contact for further information:
        Job Snijders <job@sobornost.net>
      Intended usage: COMMON
      Restrictions on usage: None
      Change controller: IETF


6.  Implementation Considerations

   While the ASN.1 profile specified in Section 3 imposes no limit on
   the number of Provider ASes that can be listed for a given Customer
   ASID, consideration will need to be given to limitations existing in
   validators and elsewhere in the RPKI supply chain.  For example, the
   number of Provider ASes that can be listed in a single RPKI-To-Router
   protocol ASPA PDU (following the Length field constraints in
   Section 5.1 of [I-D.ietf-sidrops-8210bis]) is 16,380 providers.  In
   addition to protocol limitations in the supply chain, locally defined
   restrictions could exist for the maximum file size of signed objects
   a Relying Party implementation is willing to accept.

   Relying Party implementations are RECOMMENDED to impose an upper
   bound on the number of Provider ASes for a given Customer ASID.  An
   upper bound value between 4,000 and 10,000 Provider ASes is
   suggested.  If this threshold is exceeded, Relying Party
   implementations SHOULD treat all ASPA objects related to the Customer
   ASID invalid; e.g. not emit a partial list of Provider ASes.
   Additionally, an error SHOULD be logged in the local system,
   indicating the Customer ASID for which the threshold was exceeded.





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   Implementers and operators SHOULD periodically review whether imposed
   upper bounds still are reasonable in context of the global Internet
   routing system.

7.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations of [RFC6481], [RFC6485], and [RFC6488]
   also apply to ASPAs.

8.  Implementation status

   This section is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.

   This section records the status of known implementations of the
   protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this
   Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in RFC 7942.
   The description of implementations in this section is intended to
   assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to
   RFCs.  Please note that the listing of any individual implementation
   here does not imply endorsement by the IETF.  Furthermore, no effort
   has been spent to verify the information presented here that was
   supplied by IETF contributors.  This is not intended as, and must not
   be construed to be, a catalog of available implementations or their
   features.  Readers are advised to note that other implementations may
   exist.

   According to RFC 7942, "this will allow reviewers and working groups
   to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of
   running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation
   and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature.
   It is up to the individual working groups to use this information as
   they see fit".

   *  A validator implementation [rpki-client] (version 8.5 and higher),
      written in C was provided by Job Snijders.

   *  A validator implementation [routinator], written in Rust was
      provided by Martin Hoffman from NLnet Labs.

   *  A validator implementation [rpki-prover], written in Haskell was
      provided by Mikhail Puzanov.

   *  A Signer implementation [rpki-aspa-demo] in Perl was reported on
      Tom Harrison from APNIC.

   *  A signer implementation [rpki-commons] in Java was reported on by
      Ties de Kock from RIPE NCC.




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   *  A signer implementation [krill] in Rust was reported on by Tim
      Bruijnzeels from NLnet Labs.

9.  Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to thank Keyur Patel for helping kick-start
   the ASPA profile project, Ties de Kock & Tim Bruijnzeels for
   suggesting that the ProviderASSet be in a canonical form, and Claudio
   Jeker & Martin Hoffman for review and several suggestions for
   improvements.

Contributors

   The following people made significant contributions to this document:

           Kotikalapudi Sriram
           USA National Institute of Standards and Technology
           Email: ksriram@nist.gov


References

Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-sidrops-8210bis]
              Bush, R. and R. Austein, "The Resource Public Key
              Infrastructure (RPKI) to Router Protocol, Version 2", Work
              in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-sidrops-8210bis-
              23, 19 October 2025,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-sidrops-
              8210bis-23>.

   [I-D.ietf-sidrops-aspa-verification]
              Azimov, A., Bogomazov, E., Bush, R., Patel, K., Snijders,
              J., and K. Sriram, "BGP AS_PATH Verification Based on
              Autonomous System Provider Authorization (ASPA) Objects",
              Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-sidrops-aspa-
              verification-24, 19 October 2025,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-sidrops-
              aspa-verification-24>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.






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   [RFC3779]  Lynn, C., Kent, S., and K. Seo, "X.509 Extensions for IP
              Addresses and AS Identifiers", RFC 3779,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3779, June 2004,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3779>.

   [RFC5652]  Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", STD 70,
              RFC 5652, DOI 10.17487/RFC5652, September 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5652>.

   [RFC6481]  Huston, G., Loomans, R., and G. Michaelson, "A Profile for
              Resource Certificate Repository Structure", RFC 6481,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6481, February 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6481>.

   [RFC6485]  Huston, G., "The Profile for Algorithms and Key Sizes for
              Use in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)",
              RFC 6485, DOI 10.17487/RFC6485, February 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6485>.

   [RFC6488]  Lepinski, M., Chi, A., and S. Kent, "Signed Object
              Template for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure
              (RPKI)", RFC 6488, DOI 10.17487/RFC6488, February 2012,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6488>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [X.680]    ITU-T, "Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation
              One (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation",
              ITU-T Recommendation X.680, 2021.

   [X.690]    ITU-T, "Information Technology - ASN.1 encoding rules:
              Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical
              Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules
              (DER)", ITU-T Recommendation X.690, 2021.

Informative References

   [krill]    Bruijnzeels, T., "krill", 2023,
              <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/sidrops/
              RrHCYTmevxDHgebdLC_adRlKH-o/>.

   [RFC4648]  Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data
              Encodings", RFC 4648, DOI 10.17487/RFC4648, October 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4648>.





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   [RFC6480]  Lepinski, M. and S. Kent, "An Infrastructure to Support
              Secure Internet Routing", RFC 6480, DOI 10.17487/RFC6480,
              February 2012, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6480>.

   [RFC7947]  Jasinska, E., Hilliard, N., Raszuk, R., and N. Bakker,
              "Internet Exchange BGP Route Server", RFC 7947,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7947, September 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7947>.

   [routinator]
              Hoffman, M., "routinator", 2023,
              <https://github.com/NLnetLabs/rpki-rs/pull/264>.

   [rpki-aspa-demo]
              Harrison, T., "rpki-aspa-demo", 2023,
              <https://github.com/APNIC-net/rpki-aspa-demo>.

   [rpki-client]
              Jeker, C., Snijders, J., Dzonsons, K., and T. Buehler,
              "OpenBSD rpki-client", 2023,
              <https://www.rpki-client.org/>.

   [rpki-commons]
              de Kock, T., "rpki-commons", 2023,
              <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/sidrops/
              nNAmZMrr7t9NMzm12jRXU03ABN4/>.

   [rpki-prover]
              Puzanov, M., "rpki-prover", 2023,
              <https://github.com/lolepezy/rpki-prover/compare/
              master...aspa-profile-16>.

Appendix A.  Example ASPA eContent Payload

   Below an example of a DER encoded ASPA eContent is provided with
   annotation following the '#' character.

$ echo 301DA003020101020300FE633011020300FC00020301000F020500FA56EA00 \
  | xxd -r -ps | openssl asn1parse -inform DER -dump -i
  0:d=0  hl=2 l=  29 cons: SEQUENCE
  2:d=1  hl=2 l=   3 cons:  cont [ 0 ]
  4:d=2  hl=2 l=   1 prim:   INTEGER   :01
  7:d=1  hl=2 l=   3 prim:  INTEGER    :FE63     # Customer ASID 65123
 12:d=1  hl=2 l=  17 cons:  SEQUENCE
 14:d=2  hl=2 l=   3 prim:   INTEGER   :FC00     # ProviderAS 64512
 19:d=2  hl=2 l=   3 prim:   INTEGER   :01000F   # ProviderAS 65551
 24:d=2  hl=2 l=   5 prim:   INTEGER   :FA56EA00 # ProviderAS 4200000000




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   Below is a complete Base64 [RFC4648] encoded RPKI ASPA Signed Object.

   MIIGLAYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIGHTCCBhkCAQMxDTALBglghkgBZQMEAgEwMAYLKoZI
   hvcNAQkQATGgIQQfMB2gAwIBAQIDAP5jMBECAwD8AAIDAQAPAgUA+lbqAKCCBCMw
   ggQfMIIDB6ADAgECAgEEMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMA8xDTALBgNVBAMTBHJvb3Qw
   HhcNMjUwMTA2MTAyNjQ4WhcNMjYwMTA2MTAyNjQ4WjAPMQ0wCwYDVQQDEwRyb290
   MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAmgjRVMrjafIK81cxs8GB
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   The above should decode as following:













Azimov, et al.            Expires 20 July 2026                 [Page 13]

Internet-Draft              RPKI ASPA Profile               January 2026


Object SHA256 hash:          S6B+jKOCFXPlRn7ws6Kd5tgpsSx609tJZpw60CVaf9Y=
EE Subject key identifier:   2B:87:C7:6F:5E:EE:F6:20:44:F5:28:B8:2C:92:9B:28:D5:57:32:AC
EE Certificate issuer:       /CN=root
EE Certificate serial:       04
EE Authority key identifier: 36:9A:D0:19:2C:67:4E:78:32:22:CD:32:85:66:B7:94:12:B1:8F:26
EE Authority info access:    rsync://localhost/repo/369AD0192C674E783222CD328566B79412B18F26.cer
EE Subject info access:      rsync://localhost/ta/an-object.asa
CMS Signing time:            Mon 06 Jan 2025 10:26:48 +0000
EE notBefore:                Mon 06 Jan 2025 10:26:48 +0000
EE notAfter:                 Tue 06 Jan 2026 10:26:48 +0000

ASPA eContent:
  Customer AS:               65123
  Provider Set:              1: AS: 64512
                             2: AS: 65551
                             3: AS: 4200000000


Authors' Addresses

   Alexander Azimov
   Yandex
   Email: a.e.azimov@gmail.com


   Eugene Uskov
   JetLend
   Email: eu@jetlend.ru


   Randy Bush
   Internet Initiative Japan
   Email: randy@psg.com


   Job Snijders
   BSD Software Development
   Amsterdam
   Netherlands
   Email: job@bsd.nl
   URI:   https://www.bsd.nl


   Russ Housley
   Vigil Security, LLC
   918 Spring Knoll Drive
   Herndon, VA 20170
   United States of America



Azimov, et al.            Expires 20 July 2026                 [Page 14]

Internet-Draft              RPKI ASPA Profile               January 2026


   Email: housley@vigilsec.com


   Ben Maddison
   Workonline
   Cape Town
   South Africa
   Email: benm@workonline.africa











































Azimov, et al.            Expires 20 July 2026                 [Page 15]
